Namibia Internet Gateway


	Hello unlogged user	LINK1 · LINK2 · LINK3 · LINK4 · LINK5

gTLD

.com
.net
.org
.biz
.info
.us
.in
.cn
.eu
.cc
.ws
.mobi

.ki
.biz.ki
.org.ki
.com.ki
.phone.ki
.info.ki
.tel.ki
.mobi.ki
.net.ki

Mauritius

.mu

Namibia

.na
.com.na
.org.na
.net.na
.co.na
.alt.na
.edu.na
.in.na
.ws.na
.mobi.na
.tv.na

Norfolk Island

.nf

South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands

.gs

Timor-Leste

.tl

Namibian Towns

Languages

Preferred language:

A Aaron - Avenant

(7673 total words in this text)
(484 Reads)

A

000419
Aaron
*
---
Aaron was a "white" trader who in 1854 had obtained a mining concession in the Swakop/Kuiseb area from the Captain of the Orlam Afrikaners, Jonker Afrikaner. Possibly he was identical with Aaron de Pass. Aaron de Pass had commenced fishing operations at Walvis Bay in 1852, while Barry Munnik from Cape Town had established himself in this industry in early 1859, and William Latham was fishing there in the late 1860s. The fish was generally dried and then exported to Mauritius. Owing to the inadequate infrastructure, there was too much sand in the dried fish. As a result the prices received for the final fish product were so low that the venture did not prove economically feasible. Small-scale fishing operations and whaling did, however, continue.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: TRA
Profession: Trader

RAW DATA: Esterhuyse 1968:10; Tabler 1973:1; Wilken et al, 1978:56-56; Berichte, 1853:283; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000124
Abraham
*
---
Abraham was one of the Witbooi Nama who left Gibeon with Hendrik Witbooi in 1884.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

000354
Abrahams, Kenneth Godfrey, Dr.
* 25.10.1936 in the Cape Province, South Africa
---
Kenneth Godfrey Abrahams was born on 25.10.1936 in the Cape Province in South Africa. He obtained a M.B.Ch.B. degree from the University of Cape Town, a D.V.D.T.M. & H. degree from Liverpool University in the United Kingdom and a M.D. from the University of Stockholm in Sweden. He joined the Ovamboland People's Congress (OPC) in 1957 and SWAPO in 1960. While he studied at the University of Cape Town, he belonged to the secret Maoist Yo Chi Chan movement as well as the National Unity Movement (NUM) which rivalled the African National Congress (ANC) in strength among Cape Coloureds in the Western Cape. He was the editor of the "SWA Observer and Commentator" in Cape Town in 1960/61. In 1962 he moved to Rehoboth with his wife (Ottilié, married in 1961) to open a medical practice there and was granted citizenship of the "Baster Gebied". In 1963 the Yo Chi Chan's planned guerrilla activities in South Africa were discovered and the Abrahams tipped off about their imminent arrest by the South African authorities in Rehoboth. When security police arrived to arrest the couple, elders in the "Baster Gebied" (i.a. Hermanus Christoffel Beukes) threatened bloodshed which led to the retreat of the police. Soon afterwards the SA authorities gave him indemnity to stay. However, Abrahams decided to go into exile to Botswana together with Andreas Shipanga who was at this stage a National Organiser for SWAPO and the Baster Paul Smit. They were escorted to Ghanzi in Botswana and received residence permits. On the way to Lobatse, still in Botswana, they, together with Hermanus Beukes, an elder on the Baster Council and petitioner at the United Nations, were kidnapped by three South African policemen in an unmarked truck and brought to Gobabis. There they were jailed and charged to have left Namibia illegally. Abrahams' father-in-law, Otto Ferdinand Schimming, discovered that he was jailed at Gobabis and the situation received world-wide publicity. Abrahams was flown into Cape Town and charged with sabotage while the South African Police claimed they had arrested him near Gobabis in Namibia. The British High Commission in Botswana and the British Embassy in South Africa launched an investigation and instituted Habeas Corpus proceedings at the South African Supreme Court which eventually led to his release back to Botswana. From there the Abrahams left for Dar-Es-Salaam in Tanzania. Both were appointed to the SWAPO Central Committee. The Abrahams couple was expelled from SWAPO in 1964, allegedly on the initiative of Emil Appolus. The couple settled then in Lusaka in Zambia, where Abrahams practised as a medical doctor. Political pressure eventually led to the couple being declared prohibited immigrants. 1968, Abrahams evaded the Zambian Police and fled again to Tanzania while his wife was arrested and imprisoned with their youngest child. Accompanied by much public furore over the popular "doctor freedom fighter", Ottilié was released and rejoined her husband in Sweden where they lived until 1978. On 10.06.1978 Abrahams was, together with Andreas Shipanga, a founding member of a new political party, the SWAPO-Democrats (SWAPO-D). He returned to Namibia in 1978 as a SWAPO-D office bearer. He also was a member of the Namibia National Front (NNF, formed in 1977) until 1980 when he joined the Namibia Independence Party (NIP). Since then he was active in community issues and grassroot development projects and a number of committees including the Namibia Nationhood Co-ordinating Committee. He was also a member of the Namibian Educational Forum (NEF). Abrahams edited the "Namibian Review". Since 1989, he was the NNF Information Secretary. He doesn't play an active role in Namibian politics any more.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL MED
Profession: Medical doctor

Married to: Ottilié Grete Abrahams, née Schimming

RAW DATA: Namibia Handbook and Political Who's Who, 1990 (Pütz, Von Egidy and Caplan); Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000355
Abrahams, Ottilié Grete
[Schimming, Ottilié - birth name]
* 02.09.1937 at Windhoek
---
Ottilié Grete Abrahams, née Schimming, was born on 02.09.1937 at Windhoek. Her parents were Otto Ferdinand Schimming and Charlotte Schimming, née Freiser. She received her education at the Primary School in Windhoek and the Secondary School at the Zonnebloem College in Cape Town, South Africa. She matriculated at the Trafalgar High School in Cape Town in 1954. She obtained a BA degree and a Higher Primary Teacher's Certificate from the University of Cape Town (UCT) in 1961. She joined the SWA Student Body as a founding member in 1952, which was reconstituted 1955 as the SWA Progressive Association (SWAPA) to campaign for improved "black" education facilities. Its newspaper, the South West News, was banned for its nationalist content in 1960. 1957 she became a Member of the Cape Peninsula Student's Union. She joined the Ovamboland People's Congress (OPC) in 1957 and SWAPO 1960. In 1961 Ottilié Schimming married Kenneth Godfrey Abrahams. While the couple studied at the University of Cape Town, they belonged to the secret Maoist Yo Chi Chan movement as well as the National Unity Movement (NUM) which rivalled the African National Congress (ANC) in strength among Cape Coloureds in the Western Cape. After her completion of her studies at the UCT, she taught at the Trafalgar High School and Alexander Sinton High School at Cape Town. In 1962 the couple moved to Rehoboth where Kenneth opened a medical practice. In 1963 the Yo Chi Chan's planned guerrilla activities in South Africa were discovered and the Abrahams tipped off about their imminent arrest by the South African authorities in Rehoboth. When security police arrived to arrest the couple, elders in the "Baster Gebied" (i.a. Hermanus Christoffel Beukes) threatened bloodshed which led to the retreat of the police. Soon afterwards the SA authorities gave them indemnity to stay. However, Kenneth Abrahams decided to go into exile to Botswana together with Andreas Shipanga who was at this stage a National Organiser for SWAPO and the Baster Paul Smit. They were escorted to Ghanzi in Botswana and received residence permits. On the way to Lobatse, still in Botswana, they, together with Hermanus Beukes, an elder on the Baster Council and petitioner at the United Nations, were kidnapped by three South African policemen in an unmarked truck and brought to Gobabis. There they were jailed and charged to have left Namibia illegally. Ottilié's father, Otto Ferdinand Schimming, discovered that they were jailed at Gobabis and the situation received world-wide publicity. Abrahams was flown into Cape Town and charged with sabotage while the South African Police claimed they had arrested him near Gobabis in Namibia. The British High Commission in Botswana and the British Embassy in South Africa launched an investigation and instituted Habeas Corpus proceedings at the South African Supreme Court which eventually led to his release back to Botswana. There the Abraham couple was re-united and both went into exile 1963 to Tanzania. Both were appointed to the SWAPO Central Committee. The Abrahams couple was expelled from SWAPO in 1964, allegedly on the initiative of Emil Appolus. The couple settled then in Lusaka in Zambia, where Abrahams practised as a medical doctor and Ottilié taught at the Chizongwe Secondary School and Lusaka Girls' School. Political pressure eventually led to the couple being declared prohibited immigrants. 1968, Abrahams evaded the Zambian Police and fled to Tanzania while his wife was arrested and imprisoned with their youngest child. Accompanied by much public furore over the popular "doctor freedom fighter", Ottilié was released and rejoined her husband in Sweden where they lived until 1978. While in Sweden, Ottilié continued her university studies. She obtained a MA degree from Stockholm University in 1974. However, she didn't complete her Ph.-D. thesis at Stockholm University (1974-1978). On 10.06.1978 she was, together with Kenneth Abrahams and Andreas Shipanga, a founding member of a new political party, the SWAPO-Democrats (SWAPO-D). She returned to Namibia in 1978 as a SWAPO-D office bearer. She also was a member of the Namibia National Front (NNF, formed in 1977) until 1980 when she joined the Namibia Independence Party (NIP) where she became the Secretary-General and Secretary for Information and Publicity. Since then she was active in community issues and grassroot development projects and a number of committees: She became the Chairlady of the People's Action Committee (anti-conscription in the South African Army) in 1981, in 1984 she was active in the Action Manpower Bureaus and in the Action General Sales Tax. In 1985 she was involved in the Action Site and Service. In the same year she became the Director of the Jakob Marengo Tutorial College in Khomasdal. She was also active in the Namibia Nationhood Co-ordinating Committee and a member of the Namibian Educational Forum (NEF). Ottilié Abrahams also edited the "Namibian Review". She was the Chairlady of the Khomasdal Civic Association (KCA). In 1989 she was elected as NNF Secretary-General. After the independence of Namibia she didn't play an active role in Namibian politics any more.
---
Gender: f
Field of activity: POL

Married to: Kenneth Abrahams
Father: Otto Schimming

RAW DATA: Namibia Handbook and Political Who's Who, 1990 (Pütz, Von Egidy and Caplan); Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000335
Adrian, Friedrich Wilhelm Jacob
* 18.07.1883 at Ahaus, Germany
+ .1953 at Windhoek
First entry to Namibia: 1904
---
Friedrich Wilhelm Jacob Adrian was born on 18.07.1883 in Ahaus, Germany. He came to Namibia in 1904 as a Schutztruppe soldier, and fought in the German-Namibian War 1903-1908. Adrian worked later as a clerk (Zahlmeister) with the Lüderitz railway, then in a managerial position with the Pomona-Diamantengesellschaft, later with CDM until 1940. He was interned from 1942-1946 in Andalusia in South Africa. Adrian died 1953 in Windhoek.
---
Gender: m

Married to: Käthe Adrian, née Kirschenlohr, married 1918-

Namibia National Archives Database

002309
Africa, Ben, Dr., Baster Captain
* 13.10.1938 at Rehoboth
+ at Rehoboth
---
After the crushing of the Baster Uprising in 1925, the third Baster Captain, Albert Mouton, was deposed by the South Africans (legally already in 1924: Proclamation No. 31 of 1924 which transferred all powers of the Baster Captain, Raad and Judiciary to the Rehoboth Magistrate). Ben Africa was only in 1977 elected as fourth Baster Captain (until 1979). Ben Africa was born on 13.10.1938 at Rehoboth. He matriculated at the Athlone High School in Cape Town in South Africa in 1957. He graduated from the University of Cape Town Medical School in 1964 with a bursary of the SWA Administration. As a student in Cape Town he steered away from active politics but narrowly missed expulsion from medical school after openly speaking out about discrimination on campus: "black" students could not attend post mortems on "whites", but "white" students could dissect "black" corpses. He was appointed as first Resident District Surgeon of Rehoboth in 1966. In 1971, however, the Rehoboth Baster Association (RBA) was constituted by Ben Africa, John McNab and Piet Junius. The new party was founded mainly as a result of the refusal of the then ruling Rehoboth Volksparty (Rehoboth People's Party) to negotiate with the SWA Administration to relieve the problems caused by a major gastro-enteritis epidemic in the "Baster Gebied". Ben Africa represented the Baster in the Turnhalle Constitutional Conference (01.09.1975). The RBA joined the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) in November 1977. On 03.10.1977 an election was held for a Kaptein (Captain) for Rehoboth in terms of the Rehoboth Self-Government Act, No. 56 of 1976. The election was narrowly won by Ben Africa, leader of the Baster delegation at the Turnhalle Conference and of the Baster Vereniging. His opponent was Johannes (Hans) Gerard Adolf Diergaardt of the Rehoboth Liberation Party. Diergaardt challenged the outcome of the election in court, and the court consequently ruled that Africa could not be installed as Kaptein of the Rehoboth Gebied. On 31.10.1977 elections for the Rehoboth Volksraad were held and won by Diergaardt. Consequently he became the fifth and last Baster Captain in 1979. On 03.07.1978 Ben Africa became Vice-President of the DTA. He also was the Chairman of the Turnhalle Credentials Committee and the Committee on Discriminatory Practices affecting labour conditions and salaries. He was a Member of the first "Interim's" National Assembly in 1979 and a Member of the first "Interim's" Ministers' Council from 1980 to 1983. In November 1986 the Progressive People’s Party (PPP) was formed after the RBA split. The RBA was renamed the Rehoboth Democratic Turnhalle Alliance Party (RDTAP) and was led by Ben Africa.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Married: <1>Marjory Judith: two children
<2>Ida Kroukamp: one son

RAW DATA: Namibia Handbook and Political Who's Who, 1990 (Pütz, Von Egidy and Caplan); Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000481
Afrika, Jonathan
*
+ .188?
---
Jonathan Afrika was a courageous Bechuana and excellent marksman initially in the employ of the trader Thomas Morris, but joined Charles John Andersson's service in 1853, when he guided Andersson and Galton when they attempted to open up the route between Walvis Bay and Ngamiland. In 1875, he was hunting in the Pandamatenga area for George Westbeech. He was forbidden to hunt in the Mangwato area by Bechuana Chief Khama because of his poaching. In June 1884, he was at the Zambezi, recovering after having been mauled by a wounded lioness. He was killed in an ambush some time between 1886 and 1889, while driving Andersson's cattle in the vicinity of Rehoboth.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Andersson, 1853:863, 1861:86-87; v.Schumann;

000482
Afrikaner, Beetje
[Boois, Beetje - birth name]
[Booi, Beetje - birth name]
* .1790
---
Beetje Afrikaner was born ca. 1790. She was was the daughter or sister of Jan Booi (s) of Bethany. She became the wife of Jonker Afrikaner. Beetje became politically active in the 1860s after Jonker's death. She had at least five children.
---
Gender: f

Married to: Jonker Afrikaner

RAW DATA: Lau, 1985:V1241;

000453
Afrikaner, Christian, !Gû-!gôun or Nauba-xu gye |ki-khoen or |Aixa|aen Captain (Orlam Afrikaner)
[|Haragab - Nama name]
*
+ 15.06.1863 at Otjimbingwe
---
Christian Afrikaner was the son of Jonker and Beetje Afrikaner. His Nama name was |Haragab (like his brother Jan Jonker). He succeeded his father as Chief of the Orlam Afrikaners after the latter's death in August 1861. He was the fifth in the genealogy of the Orlam Afrikaners. On 04.06.1863 he wrote to Charles John Andersson: "Furthermore, I must say that you wish to steal the land, even though you know that it has always belonged to us. Because you did not not know how to get the land, you decided the following: 'Let me instigate and support the Herero against the people'. So that they shall kill me and all my people. In this way you would get the land. That is why you have strengthened these people with guns and powder." Consequently Christian was killed a little bit later, on 15.06.1863, in an attack on Maharero's settlement at Otjimbingwe by "Andersson's private army". This marked the erosion of Orlam Afrikaner power. His brother David, his uncles Jonas and Jager and his adviser Timotheus were killed in the same attack.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Functions: Captain - Orlam Afrikaner - 1861-1863

Mother: Beetje Afrikaner
Father: Jonker Afrikaner

RAW DATA: Lau,1989:292; v.Schumann; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000484
Afrikaner, David
[Afrikaner, Hendrik - alternative name]
*
+ 01.05.1849 at Blydeverwacht
---
David Afrikaner was also known as Hendrik Afrikaner. He was the brother of the old Jager Afrikaner, and uncle of Jonker. David Afrikaner was leader, evangelist and interpreter at Blydeverwacht, which was one of the main settlements of the Orlam Afrikaners (|Aixa|aen) remaining behind when Jonker left for northern Namaland and Damaraland in the 1830s. He died on 01.05.1849 at Blydeverwacht.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

000485
Afrikaner, David, (Jnr.)
*
+ 15.06.1863 at Otjimbingwe
---
David Afrikaner (Jnr.) was the son of Jonker and Beetje Afrikaner. He was killed in an attack on Maharero's settlement at Otjimbingwe on 15.06.1863. His brother Christian and his uncles Jonas and Jager were killed in the same attack.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

Mother: Beetje Afrikaner
Father: Jonker Afrikaner

RAW DATA: v.Schumann; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000486
Afrikaner, Jager, !Gû-!gôun or Nauba-xu gye |ki-khoen or |Aixa|aen Captain (Orlam Afrikaner)
[Afrikaner, Christian - baptism name]
[|Hom|aramab - Nama name]
* at Roode Zand, South Africa
+ .1823 at Blydeverwacht
---
Jager Afrikaner was the son of Klaas Afrikaner. He was the third in the genealogy of the Orlam Afrikaners. He was born at Roode Zand in South Africa. Initially, the family were dependants of the Dutch farmer Pienaar in the Cape Colony, but after murdering Pienaar in March 1796, they moved to Blydeverwacht, where they gradually established themselves as a powerful group, which became known as Orlam Afrikaners (also: |Aixa|aen), entirely independent of the Cape authorities and Dutch farmers. Jager was baptised in 1815 (named Christian) three months after destroying Warmbad, and stopped cattle raiding commandos until his death in 1923. He was one of the founders of Namibia's first systematic settlement in an engineering sense, ||Khauxa!nas or Schans Vlakte which was discovered by Klaus Dierks in 1987. His successor was his son Jonker Afrikaner (|Hara-mûb or |Hoa|aramab)(1823-1861).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

Father: Klaas Afrikaner
Children: Jonker Afrikaner

RAW DATA: Lau, 1985:V1241; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000487
Afrikaner, Jager, (Jnr.)
* .1820
+ 15.06.1863 at Otjimbingwe
---
Jager Afrikaner (Jnr.) was born ca. 1820. He was one of Jonker Afrikaner's brothers who left Blydeverwacht with him in 1823. He was killed in an attack on Maharero's settlement at Otjimbingwe on 15.06.1863. His brother Jonas and his nephews Christian and David were killed in the same attack.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Lau, 1985:V1241; v.Schumann;

000126
Afrikaner, Jakob Jager
[Afrikaner, Jakobus Jager - alias]
[Jager, Jakobus - alias]
*
---
Jakob Jager Afrikaner was an office bearer under Hendrik Witbooi. He was also his son-in-law. He was a school teacher and interpreter at Rietmond after 1894.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: EDU

RAW DATA: BRMG 1905:162;

000127
Afrikaner, Jan Jonker, !Gû-!gôun or Nauba-xu gye |ki-khoen or |Aixa|aen Captain (Orlam Afrikaner)
[|Haramumab - Nama name]
[|Hoa-|arab - Nama name]
* .?.1820
+ 10.08.1889 at Tsaobis
---
Jan Jonker Afrikaner was the son of Jonker Afrikaner and Beetje Boois of Bethany. He was born around 1820. He succeeded his brother Christian as Chief of the Orlam Afrikaners (|Aixa|aen)in 1863. His Nama name is variously given as |Haramumab or |Hoa-|arab. He was the sixth and last in the genealogy of the Orlam Afrikaners. He married Mietje Hendrik in Bethany in December 1842. After considerable internal conflict, he succeeded his older brother Christian as Captain after the latter's death in June 1863. Under him, the Afrikaners lost their position of political dominance in central Namibia. In December 1867 he had to flee to Walvis Bay, after he unsuccessfully tried to again attack Otjimbingwe. Some days later (22.12.1867) a commando from Otjimbingwe surprised Jan Jonker in Anawood and defeated him crushingly. In May 1870 Jan Jonker Afrikaner tried to persuade Maharero to form an "anti-European alliance", but Maharero declined the peace offer under the influence of the Rhenish Missionary, Carl Hugo Hahn. In September 1870 Jan Jonker took part in the Peace Conference of Okahandja. In 1876 negotiations between William Coates Palgrave and Jan Jonker ended unsuccessfully. In 1878 Jan Jonker participated in a Conference of Hoachanas, which was boycotted by a majority of Namibian leaders. In January 1879, Jan Jonker sent a petition to the British authorities in the Cape Colony for protection of the Orlam Afrikaners which was declined by the British in January 1880. After the outbreak of a renewed Ovaherero-Nama War on 23.08.1880, Jan Jonker was defeated by Wilhelm Maharero in the Battle of Otjikango on 12.12.1880. For the first part of the 1880s, the Afrikaners under Jan Jonker and the Witboois under Moses were allies. In November 1881 Jan Jonker with his Witbooi allies was defeated by the Ovaherero in the Battle of Osona. Jan Jonker fled to the Gamsberg area. In February 1885 Jan Jonker concluded a private treaty with Adolf Lüderitz. In May 1885 he sold very large tracts of his territory to German colonial agents, and shortly afterwards (January 1886) signed a Protection Treaty with Germany. As from 1888 (perhaps September 1887) he was fighting actively against Hendrik Witbooi. He was finally defeated by Witbooi near Tsaobis in August 1889, and allegedly shot by his son Phanuel on 10.08.1889. For a critical discussion of the stories of his death, see Witbooi (1989:170). He was buried on Farm Jonkersgrab No. 7. The Orlam Afrikaners' polity ceased to exist.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

Married to: Mietje Hendrik
Mother: Beetje Afrikaner
Father: Jonker Afrikaner

RAW DATA: Lau 1985:V1241; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000488
Afrikaner, Jonas
*
+ 15.06.1863 at Otjimbingwe
---
Jonas Afrikaner was one of Jonker Afrikaner's younger brothers who lived near Windhoek during the 1840s and 1850s. He was killed in an attack on Maharero's settlement at Otjimbingwe on 15.06.1863. His brother Jonas and his nephews Christian and David were killed in the same attack.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Lau, 1985:V1241; v.Schumann;

000338
Afrikaner, Jonker, !Gû-!gôun or Nauba-xu gye |ki-khoen or |Aixa|aen Captain (Orlam Afrikaner)
[|Hara-mûb - Nama name]
[|Hoa|aramab - alternative Nama name]
[Kakuoko - Otjiherero name]
* .1785 at Roode Zand (Groot Vlakte) near Tulbagh, South Africa
+ 18.08.1861 at Okahandja
---
Jonker Afrikaner (|Hara-mûb) was born ca. 1785 at Roode Zand (Groot Vlakte) near Tulbagh in the Cape Colony in South Africa. His father was Jager Afrikaner (1760-1823). He followed him as Captain of the Orlam Afrikaners (|Aixa|aen) in 1823. He was the fourth in the genealogy of the Orlam Afrikaners. He left his father's settlement at Blydeverwacht (||Khauxa!nas - Schans Vlakte) in 1823 for central Namibia together with three brothers and some 300 followers, and established a large settlement at Windhoek around 1840 or before.

In 1825 he expressed the wish to have his own missionary. From then until his death, he and his Raad played a prominent role in Nama- and Damaraland, thereby creating a powerful, if rudimentary, state. In the 1830s he strengthened his power over the central and southern parts of Namibia. He established an alliance with the Kai||khaun. In 1836/37 he persuaded the British explorer James Edward Alexander to arrange for a missionary for him. In 1840 Jonker built a church for a congregation of between 500 and 600 in Klein-Windhoek. In 1842 the first two missionaries of the Rhenish Missionary Society (Carl Hugo Hahn and Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt) arrived in Windhoek.

In the 1840s Jonker Afrikaner commenced his road building activities in central and southern Namibia (over the Auas Mountains to the south and the northern Bay Road from Windhoek to Walvis Bay). During this time he tried to subjugate the Ovaherero. The Ovaherero chiefs Tjamuaha (born ca. 1790) and Maharero (born 1820) were forced to settle in Windhoek. The Ovaherero chiefs Tjamuaha and Oove ua Muhoko Kahitjene formed an alliance with Jonker (Christmas Peace of 1842). In August 1843 he asked Rhenish Missionary Heinrich Kleinschmidt to write a letter to Abraham Christian from the !Gami-#nun (Bondelswarts), not to proceed with his plans to attack the Ovaherero, together with the Kai||khaun (Red Nation of Hoachanas). In 1844 ||Oaseb from the Kai||khaun attacked Ovaherero leader Kahitjene without Jonker lifting a finger to assist him. Kahitjene's defeat can be directly attributed to his attempt to have tried to win independent access to arms and horses, with assistance of Rhenish missionary Carl Hugo Hahn.

1844 Jonker invited the Wesleyan missionaries Richard Haddy and Joseph Tindall to Windhoek, in order to replace the Rhenish missionaries (Carl Hugo Hahn and Heinrich Kleinschmidt) who interfered to much in Jonker's policies. In 1846 Jonker levelled serious accusations against missionary Hahn, whom he considered responsible for the outbreak of hostilities between the Nama and Ovaherero. Hahn, on the other side, accused the Wesleyan Missionary Society to tolerate Jonker's attacks against the Ovaherero. Hahn regarded Jonker and ||Oaseb as the centres of an Anti-European Missionary coalition. In 1849 the hostilities between Jonker and the Ovaherero and the Ovambanderu increased. In 1850 Jonker was pivotal in establishing the first copper mines in the Khomas Hochland (Aaron de Pass: Pomona Mining Company). In August 1850 Jonker attacked Okahandja and the Rhenish missionary station there. In 1852 Jonker continued his attacks on the Ovaherero (Tjamuaha and Maharero were attacked at Otjosemba). In 1854 Jonker moved to Okahandja in order to control the Ovaherero and the Rhenish missionaries. In the late 1850s conflicts between Jonker and other Namaland communities like ||Oaseb of the Kai||khaun and Willem Swartbooi (!Huiseb #Haobemab) increased. But the dividing lines between Jonker and other Nama communities were not clear cut and changed constantly. The Hoachanas Peace Accord of January 1858 again established an alliance between Jonker Afrikaner and ||Oaseb.The political constellation as it consolidated itself in the late 1850s can be described as follows: The chiefs ||Oaseb of the Kai||khaun, Amraal Lambert or #Gai|nub of the Kai|khauan, Piet Koper !Gamab of the Fransman Nama or !Khara-khoen, Hendrik Henricks or !Nanib gaib #Arisemab of the ||Hawoben and Jacobus Boois from Bethany supported Jonker Afrikaner, while Willem Swartbooi or !Huiseb #Haobemab from Rehoboth, the chiefs from Bethany (David Christian Frederiks) and Berseba and later Kido Witbooi or #A-||êib from Gibeon, assisted by Captain Tseib from Keetmanshoop, represented the anti-Jonker coalition. The Rhenish missionaries and European traders greatly added to these polarisations of different Namibian groups. The intent was to destroy Jonker’s nascent state structures in order to weaken any local political power that might have resisted the missionaries’ objectives and later colonial annexation. Jonker’s slogan: "Africa to Africans, but Namaland and Hereroland to us" was a challenge which was not acceptable to the missionaries.

In the early 1860s Jonker expanded his attacks into Ovamboland and the Kaokoveld in the north. The economic power increasingly slipped out of the hands of the Namibian leaders and passed into the hands of European traders and missionaries. A new form of European colonial domination was unofficially introduced by the missionary-trader alliance long before the colonial annexation took place. This development paved the way for the overthrow of Jonker Afrikaner's sovereignty in the 1860s. On 18.08.1861 Jonker Afrikaner died in Okahandja. He was married to Beetje Boois, sister or daughter of Jan Boois of Bethany. He was one of the most controversial figures of Namibian history, although his key role in the history of the central part of the country as a powerful ruler is uncontested. His successor was Christian Afrikaner (|Haragab (like his brother Jan Jonker Afrikaner))(1861-1863).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

Married to: Beetje Afrikaner, née Boois
Father: Jager Afrikaner

RAW DATA: Lau,1985:V1241-42; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

<IMG height=74 alt="Namibia_Otjozondjupa_Okahandja_Jonker_1.JPG (337095 bytes)" src="Namibia_Otjozondjupa_Okahandja_Jonker_1_small.JPG" width=100 border=2><IMG height=74 alt="Namibia_Otjozondjupa_Okahandja_Jonker_2.JPG (319612 bytes)" src="Namibia_Otjozondjupa_Okahandja_Jonker_2_small.JPG" width=100 border=2>
Copyright of Photos: Dr. Klaus Dierks (Grave of Jonker Afrikaner)

002153
Afrikaner, Klaas, !Gû-!gôun or Nauba-xu gye |ki-khoen or |Aixa|aen Captain (Orlam Afrikaner)
[!Garuhamab - Nama name]
*
---
Klaas Afrikaner (!Garuhamab) was the father of Jager Afrikaner and grandfather of Jonker Afrikaner (around 1760). He was the second in the genealogy of the Orlam Afrikaners (after "Old Afrikaner or "Oude Ram" who died before 1760 in Cape Town). Although data are scanty, it is known that from 08.-15.12.1779 Klaas Afrikaner was at Warmbad, which may also contain a clue to the foundation of ||Khauxa!nas (Schans Vlakte). Klaas and the Boer Pienaar accompanied William Paterson and Robert Gordon on a journey to the Oranje River region in this year. In 1793, Klaas Afrikaner and his followers conducted a commando campaign against the "Bastaard Hottentotten", the descendants of Nama and slaves who had migrated northwards into Namibia. During the course of this campaign, which was undertaken on behalf of the South African Cape Government, the Orlam Afrikaners moved deep into Namibia. On their return to the Oranje River they were caught up in a skirmish with Guilliam Visagie, the first "white" settler in Namibia itself, who had established himself in #Nu#goaes (Swartmodder, later Keetmanshoop). It must have been at this time, between 1796 and the turn of the century, that Klaas Afrikaner and his followers established ||Khauxa!nas to the east of the Great Karas Mountains as a hidden retreat and "impregnable fortification" against possible attempts at pursuit by the Cape authorities, although the only primary historical source to support this is the Wesleyan Missionary Benjamin Ridsdale. Around the turn of the 18th century Klaas Afrikaner handed over the leadership over the Orlam Afrikaners to his son, Jager Afrikaner, also known as |Hom|aramab.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

Raw Data: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000492
Afrikaner, Klaas
[!Garuhamab - Nama name]
*
---
Klaas Afrikaner was the son of Jager Afrikaner and nephew of Jonker Afrikaner. No further details could be traced.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

000489
Afrikaner, Samuel
*
---
Samuel Afrikaner was a Griqua who was either related to, or a subject of, Jan Jonker Afrikaner. He, with a group of Nama and Bushmen, attacked the expedition of Robert Lewis, James Todd and J.J.L. Smuts in Kaokoland in 1864, and was involved in a skirmish with the expedition of William Coates Palgrave near Namutoni on 28.04.1866.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Vedder, 1985:502; Stals, 1991:xiv,13;

000493
Afrikaner, Simon
*
---
Simon Afrikaner was the uncle of Jonker Afrikaner. He joined Jonker in the late 1840s with some followers from Blydeverwacht. He is referred too by Rhenish Missionary Carl Hugo Hahn as "the pious Simon".
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

000494
Afrikaner, Titus
*
---
Titus Afrikaner was the uncle of Jonker Afrikaner. He visited Jonker Afrikaner but never settled near him with his followers.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

000420
Ahrens, Christian
*
+ 03.01.1905 at Haruchas
---
Christian Ahrens was a Schutztruppe officer (Oberleutnant, Regiments-Adjutant im 2. Feldregiment). He died in action on 03.01.1905 during the German-Nama War, 1903-1913 at Haruchas near Gochas.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL
Profession: Military officer

Namibia National Archives Database

002137
|Aib, Mythological !Gami-#nun Captain (Bondelswarts)
*
+
---
|Aib (meaning "Fire Man") was the third mythological Captain of the !Gami-#nun (Bondelswarts) after |Nanub, around 1800. His mythological successor was #Oab (meaning "Wind").
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Traditional leader
Functions: Captain - Bondelswarts - around 1800

RAW DATA: Budack 1972:243-244; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

00083
Albat, Ernst Wilhelm
* 04.07.1919 at Neuenrode bei Königsberg, Germany (now Russian Federation)
+ 25.06.1997 in Namibia
---
Ernst Wilhelm Albat was born on 04.07.1919 in Neuenrode near Königsberg, Germany (today Russian Federation). In the early 1950s he came to Namibia as farmer for the Rhenish Mission farms Ganachanas and Gaub. After retirement in the 1980s, he established himself on a smallholding. From 1980 until his death on 25.06.1997, he was the chairperson of the Otavi Mountains local group of the Namibia Scientific Society. He married Emmy Probst in 1943.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: AGR
Profession: Farmer
Functions: Chairman - Namibia Scientific Society, Ortsgruppe Otavibergland

Married to: Emmy Albat, née Probst, married 1943

Namibia National Archives Database

000661
Albes, Louis
* 22.10.1877 at Nienburg/Weser, Germany
+ 27.08.1957 at Hannover, Germany
First entry to Namibia: 16.07.1901
Last departure from Namibia: 1919
---
Louis Albes was born on 22.10.1877 at Nienburg in Germany. He landed in Namibia on 16.07.1901 in Lüderitz as part of a Schutztruppe reinforcement of 50 soldiers under the command of Hauptmann Josef Bischoff. He first served on the Oranje River boundary, later in Outjo (1902-1904), then participated in the German-Namibian War of 1903-1908; i.a. he fought in the battles of Otjihinamaparero (25.02.1904) and Gross-Nabas (January 1905). On 09.02.1908 he left the Schutztruppe to serve in the police force (Landespolizei), apparently in the so-called "diamond police" of the "Sperrgebiet". He was again in active military service in World War I, he was taken prisoner by South African Union forces on 27 April 1915 at the battle of Gibeon, interned in Kimberley and Aus, released in November 1916. He subsequently lived in Lüderitz and was repatriated to Germany in 1919, where he lived in Hannover-Bemerode until his death on 27.08.1957. He was married to Ida (née ??) at Lüderitz in August 1912.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL

Married to: Ida Albes (-1983), married 1912-1957

Collections/Papers:
1). Private custody of S.Godendorff, Grünewaldstr.16, 23564 Lübeck, Germany (mss. and photos)
RAW DATA: Mitteilungsblatt des Traditionsverbandes 85 (1999), pp.67-72;

000448
Albrecht, Abraham
* 01.1778 in Germany
+ 10.07.1810 at Farm Honingberg, Cape Colony, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1806
Last departure from Namibia: 1811
---
Together with his brother Christian, Abraham Albrecht was the first missionary (London Missionary Society) to come to Namibia. He was born in January 1778 in Germany. The Albrecht brothers settled at Blyde Uitkomst (Blydeverwacht) in February 1806, but moved to Warmbad in October the same year. However, they were compelled to evacuate the station at Warmbad in 1811 on account of an impending attack by Orlam Afrikaner commandos. He died from tuberculosis on 10.07.1810 at the farm Honingberg in the Cape Colony in South Africa.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Collections/Papers:
1). Dutch Reformed Church Archives, Cape Town (Letters)
2). National Archives of Namibia: A.386 (copies of (1))
RAW DATA: Tabler 1973:1; B.Lau, 1985:V1242; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

<IMG height=74 alt="Namibia_Karas_Warmbad_OldPastorie_1.JPG (92594 bytes)" src="Namibia_Karas_Warmbad_OldPastorie_1_small.JPG" width=100 border=2>
Copyright of Photo: Dr. Klaus Dierks (Old "Pastorie" built on the foundations of Albrecht's house)

000356
Albrecht, Ferdinand W. K. P.
* 16.01.1895 at Hannover, Germany
First entry to Namibia: April 1914
---
Ferdinand Albrecht was born on 16.01.1895 at Hannover in Germany. He came to Namibia in April 1914. He was a director or board member of several fishing industry and investment companies and SWANLA.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS
Profession: Industrialist and farmer

Father: Carl Albrecht

RAW DATA: WWSA 1959; WWSA 1974;

000449
Albrecht, Johann Christian
[Albrecht, Christian]
* .1773 at Leitkirch, Germany
+ 25.07.1815 at Cape Town, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1806
Last departure from Namibia: 1811
---
Together with his brother Abraham, Johann Christian Albrecht was the first missionary (London Missionary Society) to come to Namibia. He was born in 1773 at Leitkirch in Germany. The Albrecht bothers settled at Blyde Uitkomst (Blydeverwacht) in February 1806, but moved to Warmbad in October the same year. However, they were compelled to evacuate the station at Warmbad in 1811 on account of an impending attack by Orlam Afrikaner commandos. He then became a missionary at Pella. He married Sophie Burgmann on 05 .08.1810. He died on 25.07.1815 at Cape Town of tuberculosis.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Married to: Sophie Albrecht, née Burgmann, married 1810-

Collections/Papers:
1). Dutch Reformed Church Archives, Cape Town (Letters)
2). National Archives of Namibia: A.386 (copies of (1))
RAW DATA: Tabler 1973:1; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000744
Alcock, George
*
---
George Alcock was a trader. He appears in Hendrik Witbooi's "debt book" as a creditor, 1891.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS

Namibia National Archives Database

001943
Aldersly, G.
* in England
First entry to Namibia: 1860
Last departure from Namibia: 1869
---
G. Aldersly was a British engineer who apparently came to Namibia as a tourist together with A.B. Waddington. They came by sea from Cape Town to Angra Pequeña in February 1860 and traversed Namaland and Hereroland to Lake Ngami.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: ENG

RAW DATA: Tabler 1973:1+117;

000490
Alexander, James Edward
* 16.10.1803 at Clackmannanshire, UK
+ 02.04.1885 at Isle of Wight, UK
First entry to Namibia: 24.11.1836
Last departure from Namibia: July 1837
---
James Edward Alexander was born on 16.10.1803 at Clackmannanshire in the United Kingdom. He was a British army officer who was posted to South Africa in 1835, after having served in Burma and Turkey. In 1836, he conducted an expedition to Namaqualand and Damaraland (proceeding as far as Rehoboth, Tsebris and Walvis Bay) for the Royal Geographical Society, and the journal of his expedition was published in 1838. He returned to England in 1837, where he was knighted. In 1841, he was transferred to Canada, and then served in various parts of the world until his retirement in 1881. He married Eveline Marie Mitchell in October 1837. They had five children. He died on 02.04.1885 at the Isle of Wight in the United Kingdom.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL
Profession: Military officer

Married to: Eveline Marie Alexander, née Mitchell, married 1837-

RAW DATA: Lau, 1985:V1242; Gunn and Codd, 1981:79; Tabler 1973:1-3;

001944
Allen, John
* in England
---
John Allen was a hunter, trader's assistant, transport hand. He was a young Englishman who left his ship at Walvis Bay and during September-October 1850 was in Larsen's employ at his camp in Otjimbingwe. Allen was hired by Galton early in 1851, and he accompanied Galton and Andersson to Ondonga and back to Gross Barmen, 03.03 to 04.08.1851. Larsen and Allen started from Barmen to Walvis Bay with a wagon in August 1851 to fetch inland the remainder of Galton's goods, while Galton and Andersson were visiting Gobabis and Rietfontein, and they met Galton's party again east of Windhoek on 02.11.1851 and accompanied it back to Barmen.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

002239
Amatundu ga Nima, Ovamboland (Ongandjera) King
*
+
---
The third Ongandjera King on record was Amatundu ga Nima. He ruled before 1858. The first 14 Ongandjera kings cannot be dated. His successor was the fourth Ongandjera king Niita yIitula.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

002140
Amaxab, !Gami-#nun Captain (Bondelswarts)
*
+
---
!Gami-#nun (Bondelswart) Captain Amaxab was the successor to ||Nanib, before 1850. He was the sixth in the recorded genealogy of the !Gami-#nun captains. His successor was |O-bib (before 1860).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Traditional leader
Functions: Captain - Bondelswarts - before 1850

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000048
Amathila, Ben
[Amadhila, Ben - alternative spelling]
* 01.10.1939 at Walvis Bay
---
Ben Amathila was born on 01.10.1939 at Walvis Bay. He visited the Rhenish Mission School at Tsumeb (a classmate of John Ya Otto) until 1954. Amathila went to the Augustineum Training College Okahandja until 1958 when he was forced to leave school to work in the Walvis Bay fish canneries Oceana from 1958-62. He became a member of the Ovamboland People's Organisation (OPO) in 1958. Amathila was fired from his job in the Walvis Bay Oceana cannery blamed for being the ring leader behind strikes there. He was unemployed for three years during which time he worked towards the creation of SWAPO as Chairman of the Western Region, based in Walvis Bay. He left for exile 1966 first to Botswana, living there for over a year until getting into Zambia where he stayed for six months until reaching Tanzania in 1968. He was appointed SWAPO Treasurer General and in 1969 organised the Tanga Consultative Congress where he was elected Deputy Secretary for Education and Culture. In 1971 he was appointed as Chief Representative for Scandinavia, West Germany and Austria based in Stockholm. Amathila was elected as Secretary for Economic Affairs in the SWAPO Enlarged Central Committee Meeting near Lusaka 1976. He became Secretary for Economics on the SWAPO Central Committee 1989. He became the Regional Head, Swakopmund in the Election Directorate 1989. He was a Member of the 1989 Constituent Assembly and a Member of the National Assembly (1990-). On 21.03.1990 he was appointed as Minister for Trade and Industry until 15.03.1993 when he was appointed as the new Minister for Information and Broadcasting (until 21.03.2000). In the same year he replaced Zephania Kameeta as Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly who became the Bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia. Amathila became the Chairperson of the Archives of the Anticolonial Resistance and Liberation Struggle (AACRLS) in 2001.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Functions: Minister - Ministry of Trade and Industry - 1990-1993
Minister - Ministry of Information and Broadcasting - 1993-2000
Member of the National Assembly: 1990-
Deputy Speaker of National Assembly 2001-
Chairman - Steering Committee: Archives of the Anticolonial Resistance and Liberation Struggle (AACRLS): 2001-

Collections/Papers:
1). Namibia Handbook and Political Who's Who, 1990 (Pütz, Von Egidy and Caplan)
2). Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks)

<IMG height=74 alt="Namibia_Omaheke_Epukiro_Ben-Amathila_1.JPG (150684 bytes)" src="Namibia_Omaheke_Epukiro_Ben-Amathila_1_small.JPG" width=100 border=2>
Copyright of Photo: Dr. Klaus Dierks

000053
Amathila, Libertine née Appolus, Dr.
* 10.12.1940 at Franzfontein
---
Libertine Amathila was born on 10.12.1940 at Franzfontein. She visited the Lutheran Mission School at Franzfontein until Standard two and the Otjiwarongo Primary School until Standard five. She visited the Augustineum Training College Okahandja, 1955-1957, until the Standard eighth. She obtained the Senior Certificate at Wellington High School, Cape Province, South Africa, in 1959. She received the M.B.Ch.B. at the Warsaw Medical Academy, Poland, in 1969. She got Diplomas in Nutrition and Public Health from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1972 and 1977-78. She obtained a M.B.Ch.B. and Swedish Language Certificate from Stockholm in 1975. The studies in Pediatrics at Stockholm, 1975, she didn't complete. She received a Diploma for Epidemology and French Language in Bamako, Mali, 1980. Amathila went into exile 1962 via Botswana and Zimbabwe when she was nearly caught travelling under a false name. She was helped by black policemen and spent another five months and five days travelling via Lusaka to reach Tanzania. She took up a Polish scholarship to study medicine to graduate 1969 as the first Namibian female doctor under the SWAPO Nationhood Programme. She became Deputy Secretary for Health and Welfare on the SWAPO Central Committee and Director of the SWAPO Women's Council (1969-1976) at the 1969 SWAPO Consultative Congress Tanga, Tanzania. After studies in London and Sweden, she dropped further studies to go to Lusaka and help in the SWAPO refugee camps, 1975-1979 when she was transferred to Angola as the Director of the Children's Centre at Kwanza Sul. Amathila shuttled from camp to camp organising various health and health organisation projects. She was awarded with the Omugulu-gOmbashe Medal for Bravery and Long Service, 1987. She returned to Namibia as part of the SWAPO Election Directorate, 1989. She was a Member of the 1989 Constituent Assembly and a Member of the National Assembly (1990-). On 21.03.1990 she was appointed as Minister for Local and Regional Government and Housing until 12.09.1996 when she was appointed as the new Minister for Health and Social Services (until date).
---
Gender: f
Field of activity: Medicine; POL
Profession: Medical Doctor
Functions: Deputy Secretary for Health and Welfare on the SWAPO Central Committee, before 1989.
Head of Department, Medical Services and Social Welfare in the SWAPO Election Directorate.
Minister - Ministry of Regional and Local Government and Housing - 1990-1996
Minister - Ministry of Health and Social Services - 1996-
Member of the National Assembly: 1990-

Collections/Papers:
1). Namibia Handbook and Political Who's Who, 1990 (Pütz, Von Egidy and Caplan)
2). Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks)

002263
Amukwa yAmunyela, Ovamboland (Uukwaluudhi) King
*
+
---
The first Uukwaluudhi King on record was King Amukwa yAmunyela. He ruled before 1850. The first seven Ongandjera kings cannot be dated. His successor was the second Uukwaluudhi King Nakakwiila.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000086
Amungulu, Naftalie
*
---
Naftalie Amungulu was arrested in late 1966. He was held in detention until charged June 1967 under the Terrorism Act. He was tried with other Namibians in the Pretoria Terrorism Trial from September 1967 until February 1968. He was sentenced to life imprisonment on Robben Island. This sentence was later reduced to 20 years on appeal.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

Collections/Papers:
1). NAN: PRI 3/20 (Prison file)

002253
Amunyela gwa Tshaningwa, Ovamboland (Ongandjera) King
*
+ .1862
---
The fifteenth Ongandjera King on record was Amunyela gwa Tshaningwa. He ruled from 1858 until 1862. The Ongandjera kingdom was at the peak of its power. In 1862 the Ondonga King Shikongo sha Kalulu attacked the Ongandjera area, again with military assistance from Jonker Afrikaner. The 15th Ongandjera King Amunyela gwa Tshaningwa was killed. After that, the Ongandjera kingdom began to decline economically and politically. Amunyela was succeeded for a short while by King Ekandjo lya Kadhila in 1862.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

002246
Amunyela gwIileka, Ovamboland (Ongandjera) King
*
+
---
The eight Ongandjera King on record was Amunyela gwIileka. He ruled before 1858. The first 14 Ongandjera kings cannot be dated. His successor was the ninth Ongandjera king Asino.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

002248
Amwaama, Ovamboland (Ongandjera) King
*
+
---
The tenth Ongandjera King on record was Amwaama. He ruled before 1858. The first 14 Ongandjera kings cannot be dated. His successor was the eleventh Ongandjera king Tshaanika tsha Tshiimi.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

000709
Anders, Ernst
* 18.1

[ Back to BIOGRAPHIES OF NAMIBIAN PERSONALITIES | Sections index ]

News Categories

Main Menu

Online

There are 4 unlogged users and 0 registered users online.

You can log-in or register for a user account here.

Ads